These reflections lead to the formation of a pattern that is unique and tends to vary every time the arrangement of the crystals is changed by shaking the instrument. When the user peeks inside the kaleidoscope through the hole drilled on one side of the tube, he/she can easily observe the multiple reflections of the crystal and glitter particles formed on the inner side of the kaleidoscope walls. To observe the working of a kaleidoscope, one should shake the instrument and peek in through the small hole. The final step is to pour small colourful glass, crystal, or sparkle pieces into the tube. Attach another circular piece of transparent glass that has the same dimensions as that of the cardboard circular cut out to the base of the tube. Now, attach the cardboard circular piece to the top of the tube with the help of glue or tape. It should be noted that the diameter of the circular cardboard cut out should be equal to the diameter of the cylindrical tube. The next step is to cut a circular piece from the cardboard sheet and drill a small hole at its centre. The length of the cylindrical tube is preferred to be longer than the length of the mirror prism. The prism structure made up of mirrors is then fixed inside the hollow cylindrical tube. These mirrors are attached to each other in the shape of a triangular or a pentagonal prism. Typically, a kaleidoscope usually makes use of three or five rectangle-shaped mirrors. The materials required for the construction of a kaleidoscope include a hollow cardboard cylinder, three or more rectangular pieces of plain mirror, a cardboard piece, adhesive tape or glue, a pair of scissors, and a piece of transparent glass. The first step to constructing a kaleidoscope is to join the rectangular pieces of mirrors or reflective surfaces edge to edge with the help of adhesive tape or glue and form a prism shape. Here, ‘X’ denotes the angle of inclination between the two mirrors. The exact number of images of an object formed when it is placed in front of two plane mirrors placed at a particular angle can be easily determined with the help of the formula, (360/X)°-1. The angle between the mirrors serves to be the prime criterion that decides the number of resultant complete and composite or partial images of the object. The number of reflections or the number of images formed as a result can be easily determined by observing the angle at which the mirrors are aligned. One can easily observe the phenomenon of multiple reflections in real life by using more than one mirror to obtain the reflections of an object. This phenomenon is known as multiple reflections. This property of mirrors can be utilized to obtain more than one reflection of an object. The basic property of a mirror is to reflect the image of any object that is placed in front of it. Third best paper: “Innovation Management of Electrical Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Standards in the Sino-European Context” Martina Gerst, Xudong Gao (Tsinghua University, P.R.A kaleidoscope typically works on the principle of multiple reflections. Second best paper: “Telebiometric Information Security and Safety Management.” Phillip H Griffin (Booz Allen Hamilton, USA) Young Author Recognition certificates were also issued.įirst best paper: “Sustaining life during the early stages of disaster relief with a Frugal Information System: Learning from the Great East Japan Earthquake” by Mihoko Sakurai and Jiro Kokuryo (Keio University, Japan) Richard Watson (University of Georgia, USA) and Chon Abraham (College of William and Mary, USA) A prize fund totaling $10,000 was awarded to the three best papers. Kaleidoscope 2013 helped to further such collaborations and highlight multidisciplinary aspects of future ICTs.Īccepted papers will be made available through the IEEE Xplore. Developing these standards will require concerted global efforts by inter-sectoral stakeholders. To address these issues, and for a co-evolution of technology and sustainable communities, standards are indispensable. Sustainable communities will combine human-oriented technologies and human values. ICTs can be used as a catalyst for transforming life to meet the challenges of the new millennium, including global economic and financial crises, high unemployment rates, accessibility issues, global diseases, food availability and distribution, climate change, environmental disasters, energy consumption, transport systems, safety, security, and welfare. ITU Kaleidoscope conference, Kyoto, Japan, 22-25 April 2013īuilding Sustainable Communities − is the fifth in a series of peer-reviewed academic conferences organized by ITU that aim to identify emerging developments in Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) at an early stage to generate successful products and services through the development of international and open standards.
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